Every day, there seems to be a new blockchain for stablecoins. Or at least that’s how it felt this week, when USDC (USDC) issuer Circle announced Arc, its own settlement network, shortly after payments giant Stripe accidentally revealed Tempo, built in collaboration with Paradigm. They were the latest in a growing list. Startups Plasma and Stable both raised funds recently to develop dedicated chains for USDT (USDT), the $160 billion and largest stablecoin on the market. Tokenization players are piling in, too. Securitize is building Converge with Ethena, Ondo Finance announced its upcoming in-house chain earlier this year, and, just days ago, Dinari said it will soon launch an Avalanche-powered layer-1 network for clearing and settling tokenized stocks. Stablecoins and tokenized real-world assets are rapidly growing segments of the crypto economy, and analysts project them to swell into trillion-dollar asset classes in the not too distant future. Stablecoins are poised to disrupt cross-border payments, while tokenization allows traditional instruments like bonds, funds and stocks trade around-the clock with faster settlements on blockchain rails, proponents say. Read more: Stablecoin Payments Projected to Top $1T Annually by 2030, Market Maker Keyrock Says Why build L1s? Today, the vast majority of these tokens live and settle on public blockchains like Ethereum, Solana or Tron. These neutral networks give issuers global reach and liquidity, but they also come with certain constraints for asset issuers. "Building their own L1 is about control and strategic positioning, not just technology," said Martin Burgherr, chief clients officer at crypto bank Sygnum. Stablecoin economics are shaped by settlement speed, interoperability, and regulatory alignment, so "owning the base layer" lets firms directly embed compliance, integrate foreign exchange engine and ensure predictable fees, he said. There’s also a defensive motive. "Today, stablecoin issuers depend on Ethereum, Tron or others for settlement," Burgherr said. "That reliance means exposure to external fee markets, protocol governance decisions, and technical bottlenecks." Custom chains allow companies to issue their own gas tokens, control transaction costs and keep network performance isolated from unrelated activity that may clog the network, said Morgan Krupetsky, VP of ecosystem growth at Ava Labs. Increasingly, she said, blockchains are becoming the "middle and back office" of a company’s operations, powering transactions behind the scenes while user-facing apps may live across multiple chains. “The idea of a company owning and customizing their end-to-end blockchain infrastructure is increasingly appealing,” she said. The economics can be even more compelling than the tech. "The revenue opportunity from owning the settlement layer will dwarf traditional payment processing margins, said Guillaume Poncin, chief technology officer at web3 development platform Alchemy. He said that the new chains can offer additional control and the ability to implement know-your-customer (KYC) checks and other innovations at the protocol level. While L1s can offer full customization, rollups are faster to deploy and secure. In either case, Poncin noted, compatibility with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) makes it far easier to integrate with other blockchains and speed adoption. How could this impact existing L1s? It's way too early to tell how the new chains will impact the incumbents, but some networks may feel the competition sooner than others, analysts said. Coinbase analysts led by David Duong argued in a Friday report that Circle's Arc and Stripe's Tempo are targeting high-throughput, low-fee payments, which is Solana's (SOL) sweet spot. Meanwhile, Ethereum with its institution-heavy user base is less likely to be disrupted in the near term, they wrote. The process for the entrants to win over users could take years, Sygnum's Burgherr said. "New entrants will need not just technology, but also years of trust-building to shift the deepest liquidity and highest-value payments away from incumbent rails," he said. "Financial institutions prize proven security, custody integration, and resilience under real-world stress." "That's why Ethereum remains the institutional ‘Fort Knox,’" he said.
