How control, delegation, and professional operations are reshaping Proof-of-Stake participation By Artemiy Parshakov, VP of Institutions at P2P.org How the Institutional View of Self-Custody Is Changing For years, institutional participants largely equated self-custody with retail risk. Managing private keys, interacting directly with protocols, and relying on personal hardware were viewed as practices better suited to individual users than regulated organizations with fiduciary responsibilities. That perception is evolving. Secure hardware, non-custodial delegation mechanisms, and professional validator operations are converging into participation models that preserve institutional control while supporting performance, reliability, and scale. Self-custody is increasingly evaluated not as a fringe preference, but as a serious architectural option within institutional crypto frameworks. This shift reflects a broader change in how institutions engage with digital assets. Early participation often emphasized access and exposure through familiar custodial setups. Today, attention is expanding toward how participation is structured, governed, and sustained over time. Crypto is increasingly treated as infrastructure rather than experimentation, bringing questions of control, accountability, and role separation to the forefront. Infrastructure Advances Enable New Participation Models This evolution is supported by meaningful progress at the tooling layer. Institutional custody solutions now offer multi-party authorization, policy-based controls, auditability, and integration with compliance and reporting workflows. In practice, cryptographic control is often distributed across multiple authorized parties, with transaction execution subject to quorum requirements, predefined risk policies, and clear separation between asset ownership and operational signing. Actions are attributable and reviewable, allowing onchain activity to align with internal governance, audit, and oversight frameworks. These capabilities allow organizations to retain direct control of assets while operating within established governance frameworks. At the same time, Proof-of-Stake networks have refined delegation mechanisms that enable participation without transferring ownership. Institutions can authorize staking activity through clearly defined arrangements that preserve custody while supporting network security and governance. Together, these developments enable a layered participation model. Asset control remains with the institution or its custodian. Operational execution is handled by specialized infrastructure teams focused on validator performance and reliability. Oversight and accountability remain transparent and well defined. This structure mirrors how institutions already interact with financial infrastructure in traditional markets. Why Staking Naturally Favors Functional Separation Staking introduces operational requirements that reward specialization. Validator performance depends on uptime, configuration, responsiveness to protocol upgrades, and disciplined execution over time. Outcomes reflect how infrastructure is operated in practice. As institutional participation expands, many organizations are adopting models where validator operations are delegated to dedicated infrastructure providers. This allows internal teams to focus on governance, allocation, and oversight, while operational specialists manage the technical execution required for consistent participation. The result is a clear division of responsibilities. Each function operates within its area of expertise, supported by measurable performance standards and defined accountability. This approach aligns with long-standing institutional practices, where execution is delegated and control remains clearly assigned. Staking is increasingly adopting the same logic. Self-Custody as an Institutional Design Choice Within this framework, self-custody supports architectural clarity. Institutions can define how control is exercised, how operational responsibilities are segmented, and how delegation is structured without introducing unnecessary complexity. For corporate treasuries, this strengthens governance and reporting alignment. For asset managers, it reinforces transparency and fiduciary discipline. For fintech platforms, it provides a scalable foundation with well-defined operational boundaries. Custody combined with professional delegation creates a balanced model. Control remains explicit. Execution is specialized. Oversight is continuous. This approach reflects how institutions build durable systems across other parts of the financial stack. Infrastructure Awareness Joins the Yield Conversation As staking ecosystems expand, institutional discussions are broadening. Yield remains relevant, and it is increasingly evaluated alongside reliability, accountability, and integration with existing systems. Self-custody fits naturally into this perspective. It provides a framework for direct asset control while enabling participation through specialized operational expertise. When supported by robust infrastructure, this model scales predictably and integrates cleanly with institutional processes. There are also network-level implications. When large participants retain custody and delegate operations, governance influence is distributed across a wider set of stakeholders rather than concentrated within a small number of custodial operators. Non-custodial delegation allows capital to be operationally diversified without fragmenting ownership. Institutions can support multiple validators, geographies, and infrastructure stacks while maintaining unified custody and oversight. This reduces single points of operational failure, limits validator concentration, and improves network resilience during periods of stress or rapid change. Validator diversity is supported without requiring every participant to operate infrastructure independently. Networks benefit from professional execution while maintaining decentralization characteristics. These dynamics are shaping how Proof-of-Stake ecosystems evolve as institutional participation grows. Where Institutions Go From Here Institutional attention is increasingly centered on how staking participation is structured and operated across the infrastructure stack. For many organizations, staking is emerging as an operating model decision, shaped by how custody, governance, and execution come together in practice. This is the moment for structured evaluation. Treasury leaders, asset managers, and risk teams are examining how non-custodial staking models function in real conditions, how validator performance is maintained, how operational risks are managed, and how these systems integrate with existing custody, reporting, and oversight frameworks. Early engagement supports familiarity, internal alignment, and informed decision-making. Institutions that invest time in evaluating robust, proven non-custodial staking infrastructure are positioning themselves to participate with confidence as staking continues to scale. Self-custody is becoming a durable component of institutional crypto architecture. Its role is defined by how effectively it supports control, delegation, and operational discipline at scale. About the Author As Vice President of Institutions at P2P.org, Artemiy drives strategic partnerships, institutional growth, and product development for the world’s leading non-custodial staking providers. With over $12 billion in staked assets under management, P2P.org is at the forefront of blockchain infrastructure, empowering institutions to maximize the potential of staking and decentralized finance. As a regular speaker at industry-leading events, including DevCon, ETHDenver, Staking Summit, Paris Blockchain Week, Artemiy brings insights into staking, DeFi, preconfirmations, and emerging trends that benefit both institutions and the broader blockchain ecosystem.
