Core v30 is Bitcoin Core’s October 2025 release that raises the OP_RETURN limit, allowing larger non-payment data in transactions. This change renews debate over Bitcoin’s immutability versus expanded utility, with implications for node policy, miner inclusion, and legal liability for stored arbitrary data. Core v30 raises OP_RETURN limits to allow larger non-payment data in Bitcoin transactions. Supporters say it enables secure on-chain data uses; critics warn of spam, illegal content, and mission drift. Historical debate dates to 2010; legal questions about liability and content moderation remain unresolved. Core v30: Bitcoin’s October 2025 update raises OP_RETURN limits, igniting immutability vs. utility debate — read expert analysis and practical steps for node operators. What is Core v30 and why does it matter? Core v30 is the October 2025 Bitcoin Core release that increases the OP_RETURN data capacity, enabling transactions to carry much larger non-payment data. The change matters because it affects node relay policy, miner acceptance decisions, and long-standing debates about Bitcoin’s role as a currency versus a data carrier. How does OP_RETURN expansion affect Bitcoin’s technical and social design? Raising the OP_RETURN limit permits larger payloads—messages, proofs, or files—to be included in transactions without making outputs spendable. Technically, this keeps data provably unspendable but increases on-chain data volume relayed and stored by nodes. Socially, the expansion reopens a decade-long debate: some developers and node operators favor stricter relay rules to limit non-financial data. Others, including privacy and decentralization advocates, warn that filtering risks censorship and weakens trustless design. Historical discussions on BitcoinTalk and BitMEX Research document the dispute dating back to 2010. { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "NewsArticle", "headline": "Core v30 and OP_RETURN: What Bitcoin's October 2025 Update Means", "description": "Core v30 raises OP_RETURN limits, reigniting debates over Bitcoin's immutability vs. utility and raising legal and policy questions for node operators.", "datePublished": "2025-09-30T00:00:00Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-30T00:00:00Z", "author": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "COINOTAG" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "COINOTAG", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://en.coinotag.com/images/logo.png" } }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://en.coinotag.com/articles/core-v30-opreturn-2025" }, "keywords": "Core v30, OP_RETURN, Bitcoin, immutability, node policy"} Why do developers disagree about filtering non-payment data? Disagreement stems from differing priorities: preserving Bitcoin’s immutability and censorship-resistance versus limiting block-space abuse. Some maintainers, like lead developers of alternative clients, advocate stricter default relay policies to reduce perceived “spam.” Others—citing decentralization and resistance to human moderation—oppose selective filtering as a slippery slope toward censorship. What are the legal and liability concerns? Legal experts note unresolved questions about whether node operators could face liability for hosting illicit data. Existing protections, such as intermediary liability doctrines in some jurisdictions, may not clearly apply to blockchain nodes. Academic commentary highlights ambiguities in how laws like Section 230 might map to decentralized systems. How should node operators and miners prepare? Node operators and miners should assess policy defaults, storage needs, and local legal exposure. Practical steps include: Review and test Core v30 relay policy changes in a controlled environment. Update node storage planning for increased relayed data and consider pruning strategies. Document operator policy choices publicly to improve transparency and trust. { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "HowTo", "name": "Prepare a Bitcoin node for Core v30 OP_RETURN changes", "description": "Steps for node operators to evaluate and prepare for the OP_RETURN limit increase in Core v30.", "totalTime": "PT1H", "step": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Review release notes", "text": "Read Core v30 release notes and relay policy documentation to understand exact OP_RETURN changes." }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Test in sandbox", "text": "Deploy a test node running Core v30 to measure relay, mempool, and storage behavior with larger OP_RETURN payloads." }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Set policy and pruning", "text": "Decide on relay policy defaults and implement pruning or other storage controls as needed." }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Document and communicate", "text": "Publish your node policy choices and update operators and dependent services to ensure predictable behavior." } ]} Frequently Asked Questions Will Core v30 make Bitcoin a data-storage network? The OP_RETURN increase allows more on-chain arbitrary data but does not change Bitcoin’s consensus rules for spendability. Whether Bitcoin becomes a data-storage network depends on adoption and miner inclusion decisions, not solely on the client change. Can existing data be removed from Bitcoin’s blockchain? Data already included in confirmed blocks is effectively immutable. Miners can choose future inclusions, but they cannot remove historical on-chain data from the blockchain. { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Will Core v30 make Bitcoin a data-storage network?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The OP_RETURN increase permits larger arbitrary data but does not alter consensus rules. Adoption and miner inclusion decisions determine whether Bitcoin functions more like a data-storage network." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Can on-chain data be removed after inclusion?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "No. Data in confirmed blocks is effectively permanent; miners cannot remove existing historical blockchain data." } } ]} Key Takeaways Core v30 changes : Raises OP_RETURN limits to carry larger non-payment data. Technical impact : Keeps data unspendable but increases relayed/stored data for nodes. Operational steps : Test, set relay/pruning policies, and document choices to maintain trust. Conclusion Core v30 and the OP_RETURN expansion refocus long-standing debates about Bitcoin’s purpose and design. Stakeholders should prioritize transparent node policies, measured technical testing, and legal review. COINOTAG will monitor developments and provide updated guidance as miners and node communities respond to the October 2025 rollout.
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